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Date: April 29, 2024 Mon
Time: 11:10 pm
Time: 11:10 pm
Results for child sexual exploitation (u.s.)
3 results foundAuthor: Cox, Lisa Title: Global Monitoring Status of Action Against Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children: United States of America. 2nd Edition Summary: The United States is a federal constitutional republic, in which the President, Congress and the Judiciary share powers reserved to the Federal Government, and the Federal Government shares sovereignty with the state governments. Although the financial crisis has resulted in a prolonged economic downturn, the United States still has the largest and most powerful economy in the world, with a per capita gross domestic product (GDP) of around $48,000. The country overall has a very high standard of living and was ranked fourth in the world on the Human Development Index (HDI) in 2010. Despite the United States being a very high income country, US children are worse off than their peers in less rich countries in key areas of health, education and poverty. For example, infant and child mortality and rates of low birth weight are higher in the United States than in most other countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). In addition, the rate of child poverty is double and the rate of teen births, over three times the OECD average. However, the US Government is working to address these issues. It currently spends more on children than most OECD member states and has developed several relevant policies, as well as a good knowledge base, with regard to child wellbeing. The United States has also made progress in addressing the problem of commercial sexual exploitation of children (CSEC). Successful efforts in this area have included: adoption of strong legislation like the PROTECT our Children Act of 2008; the formulation and implementation in 2010 of The National Strategy for Child Exploitation Prevention and Interdiction; new initiatives promoting Internet safety and national public awareness campaigns; cooperation between public and private sectors; and the creation of national databases. Despite these efforts, there remains a huge gap in the implementation of existing laws, policies and practises. Major factors contributing to this gap include: a lack of resources to assist victims; insufficient awareness of the extent of harm caused by CSEC; and widespread public attitudes that often view sexually exploited children as juvenile delinquents undeserving of protection. While the United States has a welldeveloped child welfare system that includes risk assessments, family preservation, foster care and adoption services and youth development, these services are often only available to children with caregivers. Children living on the street, runaways and those who have been forced into prostitution are often treated as criminals instead of victims in need of assistance. Thus, the child welfare system needs to be adapted to provide specialised services to children and youth who are without caregivers or parents. Although the prostitution of children is often perceived as a problem confined to developing countries, it regularly takes place in the United States. However, accurate figures about children being entrapped into this form of sexual exploitation are not available. According to government information, experts estimate that at least 100,000 children are exploited through prostitution every year in the United States; however, there is a paucity of reliable data. about the source and characteristics of sexually exploited children.8 It is noteworthy that since the enactment of the Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000 (often referred to as the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000), all cases of children exploited in prostitution are considered as child sex trafficking regardless of whether the victim is an American citizen or has been transported. Details: Bangkok: ECPAT International, 2012. 70p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 4, 2012 at: http://www.ecpat.net/EI/Pdf/A4A_II/A4A_V2_AM_USA.pdf Year: 2012 Country: United States URL: http://www.ecpat.net/EI/Pdf/A4A_II/A4A_V2_AM_USA.pdf Shelf Number: 126556 Keywords: Child ProstitutionChild ProtectionChild Sex TraffickingChild Sexual Exploitation (U.S.)Human Trafficking |
Author: Lynch, Darlene C. Title: Addressing the “Demand” Side of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children: Review of Federal and State Laws for Prosecuting Offenders Summary: Hundreds of children are commercially sexually exploited through prostitution in Georgia every month.i Atlanta is a hub for this activity and has been identified by federal law enforcement officials as one of the fourteen U.S. cities with the highest rates of child prostitution.ii However, the problem is not confined to the Atlanta area; children are being commercially sexually exploited throughout the state.iii Commercially sexually exploiting children through prostitution violates a number of federal and state criminal statutes related to sex trafficking, pimping, and pandering.iv However, these crimes rarely occur in isolation. Often, the exploitation of children is part of a broader criminal enterprise such as a street gang or human trafficking ring.v Whether or not such an enterprise is involved, exploited children may be kidnapped, beaten, raped, threatened, or provided drugs to ensure compliance.vi Efforts to identify, arrest, and prosecute those who commercially sexually exploit children will be more effective and produce longer sentences if they take into account this broad range of related criminal activity. There are some limitations. When a single act, such as the sexual assault of a child, gives rise to more than one offense, the constitutional prohibition against double jeopardy may prevent multiple convictions.vii A defendant cannot, for example, be convicted of a greater offense and a lesser included offense at the same time.viii On the other hand, he may be convicted of multiple offenses when those offenses differ slightly, with each requiring proof of a fact that the other does not.ix For example, he may be convicted of rape and statutory rape based on the same sexual act, because rape requires proof of force which statutory rape does not, and statutory rape requires proof of the victim’s age which rape does not.x Additionally, when an act is a crime under two separate jurisdictions’ laws – for example when the act is both a federal and a state crime – it does not violate double jeopardy to prosecute the offender under both systems.xi Thus, a defendant can be convicted under Georgia’s sex trafficking lawxii and under the federal sex trafficking lawxiii for the exact same act without violating the defendant’s constitutional rights. Further, when the defendant commits a series of separate acts during the exploitation of a child, double jeopardy rules do not prevent him from being charged, convicted and punished for a range of offenses based on the different types of conduct that occurred.xiv Finally, in Georgia, certain offenses, such as sex trafficking, kidnapping and possession of firearm during a felony, are always treated as separate offenses, and the defendant may be convicted of these crimes regardless of any related convictions.xv This report provides a comprehensive list of Georgia and federal criminal laws that are commonly violated during the commercial sexual exploitation of children (“CSEC”). It includes a detailed chart explaining how different types of crimes relate to CSEC, outlining the elements of each crime and the associated penalties, and providing citations to the criminal statutes and any relevant case law interpreting those statutes. Finally, it analyzes the existing state statutes to identify opportunities to amend Georgia law to better deter those who would exploit children and punish those who have. Details: Atlanta, GA: Barton Child Law and Policy Clinic Emory University School of Law, 2010. 80p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 15, 2012 at: http://children.georgia.gov/sites/children.georgia.gov/files/imported/vgn/images/portal/cit_1210/45/16/158888649GOFCDemandProject.pdf Year: 2010 Country: United States URL: http://children.georgia.gov/sites/children.georgia.gov/files/imported/vgn/images/portal/cit_1210/45/16/158888649GOFCDemandProject.pdf Shelf Number: 126734 Keywords: Child MolestationChild PornographyChild Sexual AbuseChild Sexual Exploitation (U.S.)Commercial Sexual Exploitation of ChildrenSex Offenses, Prosecution |
Author: Piening, Suzanne Title: From “The Life” to My Life: Sexually Exploited Children Reclaiming Their Futures. Suffolk County Massachusetts’ Response to Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children (CSEC) Summary: The commercial sexual exploitation of children (CSEC) is a crime of systemized brutality and sexual assault that is deliberately waged on children with prior histories of neglect, abuse, isolation and vulnerability. In recent years, hundreds of girls in the Boston area have been drawn into “the life” of commercial sexual exploitation; countless others remain at risk. These child victims are typically groomed by their exploiters with initial promises of the love and protection that they so deeply crave. Over time, through an incremental process of isolation and abuse, this child becomes the dehumanized possession of her exploiter; repeatedly assaulted physically, sexually and emotionally for her exploiter’s economic gain. This report describes efforts in Suffolk County to identify high risk and sexually exploited children and to provide a path to safety and recovery. Based on interviews and focus groups with professionals from the Boston area’s 35+ agency Support to End Exploitation Now (SEEN) Coalition, this report profiles the problem of CSEC in Suffolk County and describes service models and legislation that are having a positive impact. In addition, it outlines recommendations for continued development, expansion and coordination of these efforts, and the undeniable fiscal constraints that must be surmounted in order for these improvements to be realized. Details: Boston: Children's Advocacy Center of Suffolk County, 2012. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 4, 2013 at: http://www.suffolkcac.org/assets/pdf/From_the_Life_to_My_Life_Suffolk_Countys_Response_to_CSEC_June_2012.pdf Year: 2012 Country: United States URL: http://www.suffolkcac.org/assets/pdf/From_the_Life_to_My_Life_Suffolk_Countys_Response_to_CSEC_June_2012.pdf Shelf Number: 128655 Keywords: Child ProstitutionChild Sexual AbuseChild Sexual Exploitation (U.S.) |